Newsflash: Mbah Ledjar and Nanang in Holland!

When I met Mbah Ledjar at his studio in December, he was in the middle of innovating a new Gunungan (a large leaf-shaped puppet used to mark the opening and closing of a Wayang performance): instead of painting the conventional Javanese architecture, he was painting a Dutch house.

Mbah Ledjar’s latest innovation (Dec 2010)

I was very impressed by his youthful spirit of experimentation despite being 73, and willingness to play with Wayang conventions to create even more amazing art. He even made a puppet of himself (and Nanang, his grandson):

L to R: Nanang and Mbah Ledjar (with Nanang and Mbah Ledjar puppets)

At present, Mbah Ledjar and Nanang are in the Netherlands performing the “Willem van Oranje Wayang” – made in the image of William of Orange, who is recognized as founder and liberator of The Netherlands – at the Museum Nusantara.

The Willem van Oranje Wayang is a masterpiece creation of Ki Ledjar Soebroto, a Yogyakarta’s well known puppet-master and the creator of the very unique wayang kancil, specially made on the order of the Museum Nusantara in Delft, the Netherland. Ki Ledjar made the wayang designs based and according to the faces of characters found in the historical epic of William’s battle taken from paintings that are already hundreds of years old, still preserved in the collections of the Prinsenhof Museum. Aside of making the design of the characters, Ki Ledjar also designed some wayang forms of artifacts found in Delft such as the Nieuwe Kerk (the New Church), where Prince Willem and the Dutch Kings were laid to rest.

[…]The making of this wayang which depicted Prince Willem’s battle at the same time his leadership of the revolt against King Phillip II, Netherland’s ruler from Spain, have as its purpose the education of children to gain more knowledge of Dutch history. Besides the exhibition of the wayang forms, there will also be the screening of the Willem van Oranje Wayang animation film, made by Ananto Wicaksana (the grandson of Ki Ledjar Soebroto). – “The Williem van Oranje”, Jogjapages.com 3rd March 2011

(Emphasis mine. Click on the pictures to follow the links to the articles!)

Mbah Ledjar even transposed the clown from traditional Javanese Wayang Kulit culture into this performance to make it even more engaging:

"Wayang with a touch of Dutch"

The hundreds of audience members burst into laughter when an old puppet character Jan Klaasen appeared on stage as an intermezzo in the middle of a war.

Jan Klaasen’s funny voice, humorous chat and silly movements became an instant ice-breaker. A Spaniard soldier tried to attack his head to no avail because it was so flexible — it could rotate, turning forward and even backward.

Ledjar said Jan Klaasen was an additional character that was comparable to Punokawan — four royal jokers in the regular puppet shows.

“I inserted the Jan Klaasen character so the audience did not only have to stick to the story, but be entertained by the humor as well,” he said. – “Wayang with a Touch of Dutch”, The Jakarta Post 22nd May 2011 (emphasis mine)

The traditional Wayang Kulit performance was also adapted in terms of the music and medium (Nanang created an animation for it!):

“At first, I was thinking of full gamelan for the music, but then I changed my mind because this was a European puppet show. I don’t want to make it an ordinary wayang purwa [traditional puppetry],” he said.

His effort paid off. The Willem puppet show performed in the Karta Pustaka was far from boring.

The music was a collaboration between pop orchestra and traditional gamelan. Some of the conversations in the show, which included an English translation, were even set to opera-esque music, such as during a romantic chat between William and his fourth wife Louise de Coligny.

Ananto, who has been a wayang puppeter since he was four years old, said the Nusantara Museum’s visitors could also watch his 15-minute animated film of the William puppet show in addition to enjoying the real puppet performance.

The museum also plans to tour the puppet show around several cities. Ledjar said the marriage of modern and traditional genres could attract young people. The most important thing, he added, was to preserve the traditional nuance. – “Wayang William – Wrap the Dutch History in a Wayang Story”Tourjogja.com. 15th March 2011 (emphasis mine)

Congratulations! 😀

Wayang Kancil on iPad?

“The company [Malaysian software developer Terato Tech] is working on several upcoming applications, including a mathematics game calledMath Maniac and a graphic novel titled Sang Kancil for the iPad, Apple’s popular tablet PC” (Emphasis added)

See full article here.

Would be interesting to see how the Kancil story is adapted from an oral narrative to a graphic novel, particularly as an e-graphic novel (on the iPad!).

Looks like the Gamelan has already found its way to the iPad / iPhone:

The song played in the video above, is the same one I played a few entries ago (Ricik-Ricik). It sounds slightly different as it is played in a different tuning system In the Gamelan, there are two tuning systems: slendro (five-tones – 1, 2, 3, 5, 6) and pelog (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). I was playing in the pelog scale, while this version is in the slendro scale. A gamelan set comes with a slendro and pelog version of each instrument, but they are never played simultaneously. (I’m not sure why there are two scales; to allow more variation for different pieces of music maybe?)

If you have an iPhone and an interest in Gamelan music you might consider downloading a Gamelan iLands App! More at the website.

Kancil and the Buayas

Sang Kancil and the Buayas (Mousedeer and the Crocodiles)

For my playwriting class this semester, I’ve based a few pieces on existing children’s literature (e.g. The Three Little Pigs, The Little Old Lady who Lived in a Shoe). Drawing upon tales embedded in our collective consciousness seems to appeal to ‘audiences’ so far. For my most recent play, I chose the to use the folktale of Sang Kancil and the Buayas as a template for the story. You can read the full tale here.

Since the genre was musical comedy, I had a character tell this story through a song (click on the link to listen!):

Kancil and the Buayas

Verse 1

So there’s a Kancil, a skinny yellow mouse-deer

And he wants to cross the river but then he quickly stops

Because he sees a crocodile, a huge and ugly crocodile

With teeth so sharp and tears so large they might be twice his size

Buaya, oh buaya, oh buaya, Kancil, oh buaya, buaya, buaya

Verse 2

“I’m so hungry”, Buaya cries, “Yes I’m so hungry

Oh Kancil I haven’t eaten for days, please let me have a bite

Of you”. And of course Kancil, the smart and cunning Kancil

Says “Sorry Mr. Buaya, I think I’d better think twice”

Buaya, oh buaya, oh buaya, Kancil, oh buaya, buaya, buaya

Verse 3

So Kancil says “I know what I’ll do”

Buaya pleads: “Oh please won’t you let me eat you”

Kancil says, “Yes of course but you must help me cross the river first!”

And so Buaya, big and stupid buaya,

Calls his friends to come over, and help him cross the river

And Kancil disappears without a trace

Buaya, oh buaya, oh buaya, goodbye Buaya! oh buaya, buaya, buaya

Verse 4

Buaya – ha – ha – ha – ha – ha – ha

Kancil outsmarts you ha – ha – ha – ha – ha – ha – ha – ha – ha

Buaya – ha – ha – ha – ha – ha – ha

Ha ha ha

It was a fun experiment in refashioning the Kancil story twice: as a song, and as the template upon which the story is constructed. It served as an effective medium for communicating the folktale too!

Other Adaptations

In addition to my own way of sharing knowledge of this folktale, I found two other mediums through which the story of Sang Kancil and the Buayas has been retold:

i. Wayang Rakyat (Kancil)

Below is a Wayang Rakyat (Folk Wayang) performance of the tale of Sang Kancil and the Buayas (The dhalang – puppeteer – is narrating in English! Not sure where it’s held though):

From the video above, we can see that Wayang Kancil preserves the content of the Kancil folktales through the form of Wayang Kulit shadow puppetry.

It also attempts to preserve the form of Wayang Kulit shadow puppetry through the more accessible (?) genre of Wayang Kancil.

It seems that it is only through continual innovation and reinvention that practitioners of Wayang are able to sustain traditional art forms.

In an interview with Mbah Ledjar Subroto conducted by Irene Ritchie and Endah Suseno, Ledjar states that he ‘wanted to revive [the Wayang Kancil] art form as people were losing interest in Wayang Kulit (leather puppet shows)’. He thought that the Wayang Kancil form would be an opener to reawaken people’s interest’. He chose to draw upon the folk story of the Wayang Kancil because it was already a part of their culture, and the people of Indonesia and Malaysia are already familiar with it.

ii. Animation

Because of their particular appeal to children, Kancil stories naturally lend themselves to animation.

It’s interesting how this cartoon is scored by a Western orchestra while being voiced completely in Indonesian. Nonetheless, it does not hinder the ‘Indonesian-ness / Malaysian-ness’ of the Kancil story that is told – I suppose that’s a testament to the universal appeal of (talking) animals.

Ayam Goreng back to Singapore – 2 / 2

(ii) Meeting Mbah Ledjar and Nanang at their Studio!

Date: 19th Dec 2010

Venue: Jalan Mataram Dn 1/ 370

Mbah Ledjar at his studio

When we found Mbah Ledjar, he was working on a new gunungan, the leaf-shaped puppet that marks the beginning and end of the Wayang, which literally translates into “little mountain” (“Gunung” is Indonesian for mountain, e.g. Gunung Merapi). Traditionally, the Wayang Kulit gunungan has a structure that marks the entrance to a Javanese house painted in the centre. In his gunungan, however, he was experimenting with replacing it with a Dutch veranda.

He invited us to sit and have some tea, and began taking out the files of newspaper articles and academic journals he had compiled over the years that traced the development of the Wayang Kancil in Java and abroad. He kept track of its migration of the Wayang Kancil to England (Sarah Bilby), America (Tamara Fielding), Australia (Irene Ritchie), Germany, and even to a museum in Holland.

Tamara Fielding brings Wayang to New York

Credits to: The Indo Project (http://theindoproject.org/blog/indo-profile-tamara-fielding)

Irene Ritchie, Australia - Translator of Kancil Stories

Credits to: Irene Ritchie’s Website (http://www.kancilforest.info/Irene%20Ritchie.jpg)

Mbah Ledjar shared how he is never recognized for his work as a Wayang Kancil maker. The exhibits of his work featured in the museum in Jakarta always cite the maker of these puppets to be Bo Liem, a Chinese man who is recorded in textbooks as the first maker of the Wayang Kancil, despite his stamp clearly imprinted on the puppets displayed. He argues that the Wayang Kancil did not begin with Bo Liem, but instead is his own invention. In recounting this to me he was animated with deep conviction; but he also appeared very weary, as if he had told this story to whoever would listen. But little has been done. His contributions, and the Wayang Kancil, still go largely unheard of in his community in spite of international recognition. (For more on this, you can read this article on “Ki Ledjar Soebroto: Puppet master left in the shadows”, written by the Jakarta post in March 2009).

His grandson, Nanang, came over too. Nanang has been performing the Wayang Kancil ever since he was two years old, and has designed programs to create digital forms of Wayang (such as the Wayang animation I posted in this entry which you can watch here). Mbah Ledjar has high hopes for Nanang to continue his battle against the museum authorities and the government for his rights to have his name and work recognized as a puppet-maker.

How did the Wayang Kancil begin? Hopefully I’ll have enough evidence to uncover this aspect of cultural history.

You can see more of the highlights of performances we watched in the video I made below:

This video includes recordings of Wayang Kulit (Purwa), Wayang Kancil and Wayang Beber performances.

Although the fieldwork has officially ended, the investigation of the Wayang Kancil has just begun.

The journey continues

Facebook note #1: Back to Jogja!

 

Wayang Kancil - Buaya and me (Ki Ledjar's Studio)

Ok so – I’ve received a grant to do research for a module next semester!

Basically, I submitted a proposal for a project I was interested in doing, and the Department of Southeast Asian Studies at NUS has agreed to supply the funds I requested for to do my research (in this case it’s travel expenses, access to journals etc.).

My research project is about the Wayang Kancil, a genre of Wayang Theatre in Indonesia that performs the folktales of a mouse deer (Kancil) using shadow puppets. It’s a traditional art form, but has been revitalized and reinvented over the years. I’m going to investigate how it’s changed, its relevance to Central Javanese society, how its role has evolved, and how far the art form is sustainable today. I was inspired to do this project when I met the last remaining puppet maker of the Wayang Kancil in Indonesia while on a fieldtrip to Java in July (he’s the one in the picture! I didn’t know he was so famous when I met him, but now I do – and will find out why).

I’ll be using a portion of the fund to travel to Yogyakarta in exactly (one day less than) a week for ten days to do research! Yogyakarta, also known as Jogja, is in central Java, Indonesia. It was badly affected by the eruption of Mount Merapi, so I’m glad that I still get to go…According to some of the people that I’ve been in touch with, there are quite a few Wayang Kulit / Wayang Kancil (various forms of shadow puppet theatre) performances being staged especially right now to entertain the refugees who were affected by the eruption. It would also be good exposure for me to see first-hand how art / theatre can be used in community development.

My friend Silei will be joining me halfway through the trip – hopefully between us we’ll get to do some puppeteering of our own 😀 Or rather, she will learn how to make the puppets and I will figure out how to manipulate them…

As part of the project I’ll be exploring the idea that Wayang Kancil can only be sustained using digital heritage – that is new media platforms such as Youtube, Blogs, on Facebook, Twitter – you know the works (that’s why you’re here, I’m guessing)! The plan is to blog and upload videos regularly about the Wayang Kancil / other types of heritage in Indonesia / Singapore for 4 months (Dec  – Apr), and to get people to watch and click on videos.

I’m quite new to this so if you could help me out, it would be great 🙂 If you clicked on this note, please “like” it so I know that you’ve read it – this is just so I can get an indication that people would read my notes / videos if I put more of them up. Also, if you know anyone who is an old hand at this (video blogging / online marketing), do let me know too! It would be really helpful to me 🙂 Terima kasih!

Haha I’m very, very thankful for the grant and to be able to return to Jogja again because so many things cropped up in the process and (i) I wasn’t expecting to get it and (ii) almost couldn’t go for the trip because of the Mount Merapi eruption. I’ve been looking forward to this all sem 😀 😀

Watch this space!